[FxCop.设计规则]1. 抽象类不应该拥有构造函数

作者：     来源：     时间：2006-05-22

1. 抽象类不应该拥有构造函数原文引用：Abstract types should not have constructors
TypeName:
AbstractTypesShouldNotHaveConstructors
CheckId:
CA1012
Category:
Microsoft.Design
Message Level:
CriticalWarning
Certainty:
95%
Breaking Change:
NonBreaking
Cause: A public type is abstract and has a public constructor.
Rule Description
Constructors on abstract types can only be called by derived types. Because public constructors create instances of a type, and you cannot create instances of an abstract type, an abstract type with a public constructor is incorrectly designed.
How to Fix Violations
To fix a violation of this rule, either make the constructor protected, or do not declare the type as abstract.
When to Exclude Messages
Do not exclude a message from this rule.
Example Code
The following example contains an abstract type that violates this rule, and an abstract type that is correctly implemented.

[C#]
using System;
namespace DesignLibrary
{
public abstract class BadAbstractClassWithConstructor
{
// Violates rule: AbstractTypesShouldNotHaveConstructors.
public BadAbstractClassWithConstructor()
{
// Add constructor logic here.
}
}
public abstract class GoodAbstractClassWithConstructor
{
protected GoodAbstractClassWithConstructor()
{
// Add constructor logic here.
}
}
}
引起的原因：一个公共抽象类型拥有一个公共的构造函数描述：构造函数被用来建立一个对象实例，但是你不能建立一个抽象类型的实例，抽象类型的构造函数就仅仅能够被它的继承类型使用。因此，为一个抽象类构造公共构造函数是一个错误的设计。修复：如果需要修复这个问题，可以声明这个构造函数为保护型，或者，声明这个类型不是一个抽象类型。